INDUSTRY IN INDIA
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
Overview
- Indian automobile industry is the ninth largest in the world
- Annual production of over 2.3 million units
- India is the 4th largest exporter of automobiles in Asia, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand
About Maruti India
- Established as Maruti Udyog Limited in Feb 1981
- Market leader, credited for bringing an automobile revolution in India
- First Managing Direct was R.C. Bhargava
- In May 2007, the GoI sold its share in the enterprise, and no longer has a stake in the company
- Two manufacturing facilities: Gurgaon and Manesar (near New Delhi)
About REVA India
- Largest produced electric car in the world
- Introduced in India in 2001
- Manufactured in Bangalore
- Travels 80 km on a 8 hour charge for a running cost of Rs 0.40 per km
Automobile companies and their bases
| Company | Headquarters | In India |
| Audi | Germany | Aurangabad |
| BMW | Germany | Madras |
| Chevrolet | USA | Pune |
| Fiat | Italy | Pune (joint with Tata Motors), Madras |
| Ford | USA | Madras |
| Honda | Japan | Noida |
| Hyundai | South Korea | Madras |
| Mercedes-Benz | Germany | Pune |
| Mitsubishi | Japan | Thiruvallur (TN) |
| Nissan | Japan | Madras |
| Renault | France | Nasik (with Mahindra), Madras (with Nissan) |
| Skoda (owned by VW) | Czech Republic | Aurangabad |
| Toyota | Japan | Bangalore |
| Volkswagen | Germany | Pune |
PHARMACEUTICALS INDUSTRY
Overview
- India is in position to meet 70% of drug demand internally
- Important drugs produced in India include penicillin, flumeguine, pefloxacin, ramipiril etc
- Public sector companies in the pharmaceutical sector include Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd.,
- Over 60% of bulk drugs exported
History of pharmaceutical sector
- First pharmaceutical company in India was the Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works established in Calcutta in 1930
- First public sector pharma company was Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd. founded in Pimpri (Maharashtra) in 1954. It was also the first company in India to launch a recombinant DNA product, Hemax, in 1993
- Patents Act 1970 made pharmaceutical sector unsuitable for foreign companies thereby encouraging Indian companies
- In Jan 1995, government amended the Patent Act to reinstate product patents for the first time since 1972
- This was in compliance of the WTO’s Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement
Biotechnology
- India’s biotech industry accounted for 2% of the $41 bn global biotech market
- India has the third largest biotech industry in the Asia-Pacific region and eleventh largest in the world
- Biotech sector is made up primarily of small startup firm
- Government established Department of Biotechnology under the Ministry of Science and Education in 1986
- Ministry of Science and Technology also launched Biotechnology Parks Society of India to provide tax breaks and dedicated infrastructure
- Government allows 100% FDI in biotechnology
Important names in the pharmaceutical sector
Company
|
Key people
|
Headquarters
|
Notes
|
Ranbaxy
|
Atul Sobti
|
Gurgaon
|
Largest pharmaceutical company in India
|
Dr. Reddy’s
|
Anji Reddy
GV Prasad
|
Hyderabad
|
Second largest in India
|
Nicholas Piramal
|
Ajay Piramal
|
Bombay
| |
Cipla
|
YK Hamied
|
Bombay
|
Oldest in India
World’s largest producer of anti-retroviral (AIDS) drugs
Pioneered AIDS treatment drug (now standard)
|
Biocon
|
Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
|
Bangalore
|
India’s leading biotechnology company
|
Serum Institute of Inida
|
Cyrus Poonawalla
|
Pune
|
Fifth largest vaccine maker in the World
World’s largest maker of measles and DTP vaccines
Serum vaccines immunize 50% of world’s children
Currently manufacturing vaccine for swine flu
|
OTHER INDUSTRIES
- Steel industry
- India is the 8th largest producer of steel in the world
- It is the 2nd largest producer of sponge iron
- However, India continues to be a heavy importer of steel from abroad
- Tata Steel in Jamshedpur was the first steel plant in India and Asia (1907)
- First government-established steel plant in India in Rourkela (1953) in collaboration with Germany
- India is the fifth largest producer of steel in the world (China is the first)
- Bhilai steel plant is the only producer of steel rails in India
- Fertilizer industry
- India is the 3rd largest producer of nitrogenous fertilizers in the world
- However, India still imports substantial amounts of fertilizers
- first fertilizer plant was a Single Super Phosphate plant at Ranipat (TN) in 1906
- Textile Industry
- It is the single largest industry in India
- Employs 17% of the workforce
- Accounts for 20% of India’s industrial output and 30% of exports
- Indian textile industry is the second largest in the world (behind China)
- India is one of the largest producers of cotton in world
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